Quantum noise sub-budgets

1. Adds quantum noise sub-budgets. This addresses 1/3 of #51 (closed). Quantum noise can now be broken up into

• AS port vacuum
• Arm loss
• SEC loss
• Filter cavity loss
• Injection loss
• Readout loss
• Quantum quadrature phase noise

2. Changes the quadrature phase noise calculation as described in the comments below. This should close #20 (closed).
3. Removes support for negative RMS phase fluctuations.
4. Removes call to shotrad4 in some cases since this function no longer exists.

The sub-budgets are only implemented for the Cosmic Explorer interferometers since these are the only ones that have any other sub-budgets. Adding sub-budgets to the other interferometers is easy. The CE2 quantum budget is shown below as an example.

gwinc/ifo/CE1/__init__.py

@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ class QuantumVacuum(nb.Budget):
     noises = [
         QuantumVacuumAS,
         QuantumVacuumArm,
-        QuantumVacuumSRC,
+        QuantumVacuumSEC,
         QuantumVacuumFilterCavity,
         QuantumVacuumInjection,
         QuantumVacuumReadout,
+        QuantumVacuumQuadraturePhase,
     ]